Division and the Prepared War
1945. 8. 15. ~ 1950. 6. 24.
Liberation·Establishment of the South and North Korean Government·Preparation for an Invasion
Upon being liberated with the fall of the Japanese empire, the Korean Peninsula was divided into North and South based on the 38th parallel by the United States and the Soviet Union. North Korea, supported by the Soviet Union and China, began thorough preparations to invade the Republic of Korea.
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1945
- 8. 15.The Korean Peninsula liberated from Japanese rule
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1948
- 4. 3.Jeju 4·3 Uprising
- 8. 15.The Government of the Republic of Korea established
- 9. 9.The Democratic People's Republic of Korea established
- 10. 19.Yeosu-Suncheon Rebellion
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1949
- 3. 5.Kim Il-Sung asking Stalin permission to invade the South
- 6. 29.The US troops fully withdrawing from the South Korea
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1950
- 1. 12.Acheson, the Secretary of State, announcing "The American Defense Perimeter in Far East Asia"
- 3. 30.Stalin giving Kim Il-Sung permission to invade the South
- 5. 13.Mao Zedong approving Kim Il-Sung's invasion to the South
- 5. 29.The North Korea completing the plans for the preemptive attack
Surprise Invasion & South's Delaying Actions
1950. 6. 25. ~ 1950. 7. 31.
NKA's Surprise Invasion·UNF Participation·Delaying Actions
The North Korean Army (NKA) launched a surprise attack throughout the 38th parallel. The ROK forces, unprepared, lost Seoul just in 3 days. The ROK and the UN forces that had been taken aback by the NKA's fierce attacks deployed delaying actions to earn time to secure military force reinforcements.
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1950
- 6. 25.The Korean People's Army(KPA) launching a surprise attack
- 6. 26.United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 to call for "an immediate cessation of hostilities" and for "North Korea to withdraw forthwith their armed forces to the 38th parallel"
- 6. 28.The UN adopting the resolution to provide military assistance to the Republic of Korea / The KPA troops capturing Seoul
- 7. 1.An advanced unit of the US Army arriving in Busan
- 7. 7.유엔, 유엔군사령부 설치 결의
- 7. 14.The ROK transferring command of the Republic of Korea armed forces directly to the commander-in-Chief of the UN forces
- 7. 16.The government of the Republic of Korea moving to Daegu
55 Days of Battles along the Nakdong River Defense Line
1950. 8. 1. ~ 1950. 9. 24.
The Nakdong River Defense Line·The August & September Offensives of the North Korean Army·All-out Counterattack
The ROK and UN Forces set the Nakdong River as the final defense line. In order to break through the defense line, the North Korean Forces launched the August & September Offensives around Waegwan and Dabudong. The ROK and UN Forces stopped the advance of the NKA through the fierce 55 days of battles and delivered all-out counterattacks.
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1950
- 8. 1.The ROK and UN Forces building the Nakdong River Defense Line
- 8. 3.Blowing up the Waegwan Railroad Bridge
- 8. 5.The KPA starting the August offensive
- 8. 16.The UN Forces doing the carpet bombing around the northwest areas of Waegwan
- 8. 18.The government of the ROK moving to Busan
- 9. 2.The KPA starting the September offensive
- 9. 11.The KPA forces advancing towards northern 12km of Daegu
- 9. 16.The ROK and UN Forces delivering the all-out counterattack on the Nakdong River Defense Line
- 9. 23.The KPA Forces retreating from the Nakdong River Defense Line
Operation Chromite, Taking Back Seoul & Advances to the North
1950. 9. 15. ~ 1950. 11. 24.
Operation Chromite·Crossing of the 38th Parallel·Advance to the North
The ROK and UN Forces, landing at Incheon on September 15, blocked the NKA's supplying routes and recaptured Seoul on September 28. While the North Korean Forces, who had been cut off during their retreat, collapsed, the ROK and UN Forces crossed the 38th parallel and advanced northward into Chosan and Hyesanjin on the Amnok River (the Yalu River).
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1950
- 9. 15.Operation Chromite carried out
- 9. 28.Recapturing Seoul
- 10. 1.The ROK Forces crossing the 38th Parallel
- 10. 9.The UN Forces crossing the 38th Parallel
- 10. 19.Regaining Pyongyang / The Chinese Forces intervening
- 10. 25.The Chinese Forces launching the First Phase Offensive
- 10. 26.The ROK Forces recapturing Chosan on the Amnok River (the Yalu River)
China's Intervention & Retreat
1950. 11. 25. ~ 1951. 6. 22.
China's Intervention·Total Withdrawal·The January 4th Retreat
Secretly infiltrating into North Korea on October 19, the Chinese Forces launched a surprise attack. The ROK and UN Forces, losing Seoul again due to the Chinese Forces' all-out offensives, retreated to the Pyeongtaek-Jecheon-Samcheok Line and counterattacked to recover the 38th parallel.
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1950
- 11. 25.The Chinese Forces starting the 2nd military attacks The ROK and UN Forces withdrawing out of Pyongyang
- 12. 1.The UN Forces deciding to withdraw out of North Korea
- 12. 15.Withdrawing from Heungnam
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1951
- 1. 4.Retreating to the South on January 4 / The Communist Army conquering Seoul
- 3. 15.March 15 The ROK and UN Forces regaining Seoul
- 4. 11.General MacArthur dismissed from the UNC Commander, Lieutenant-General Ridgway appointed Supreme Commander
- 4. 22.The Chinese Forces starting counterattacks known as the Chinese Spring Offensive
Long Armistice Negotiations & Signing of the Armistice Agreement
1951. 6. 23. ~ 1953. 7. 27.
Armistice Negotiations·Battles for Hilltops·Ceasefire
The United States and the Soviet Union started armistice negotiations from July, 1951. To secure a favorable stance in the talks, both sides continued skirmishes everyday to seize hills. After over two years of talks, the Armistice Agreement was signed on July 27, 1953.
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1951
- 6. 23.The Soviet Union suggesting a negotiation on ceasefire
- 7. 10.Starting armistice talks
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1952
- 4. 28.Armistice talks indefinitely adjourned
- 5. 7.The Geoje POW Camp commander, Brigadier General Dodd held captive
- 5. 9.Lieutenant-General Clark arriving as the new UNC Commander-in-Chief
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1953
- 3. 5.Stalin's death
- 4. 26.Resuming armistice talks
- 6. 18.President Rhee releasing anticommunist prisoners of war
- 7. 27.The Ceasefire Agreement signed